Abstract Didactic literature has special FORMAL AND CONTENT INDEXES CONTENT that determine its distinction from other genres. Some of them are main, necessary AND sufficient condition. If they don’t exist, we have no didactic literature .some of these condition are ancillary. The purpose of the present paper is to discover new relationships between CONTENT, language, imagery, music, poetry, debates grammatical, literary industry AND the educational literature. For each of these parameters, samples of couplets, quatrains, odes, sonnets, prose AND their strengths AND weaknesses have been examined. Familiarities with these criteria help us to make distinction between didactic AND non- didactic literature. Besides, it gives us a scientific glance to the didactic literature.

The doctrine that the CONTENT of the conclusion of a deductively valid argument is included in the CONTENT of its premises, taken jointly, is a familiar one. It has important consequences for the question of what value valid arguments possess, since it indicates the poverty of three traditional answers: that arguments may AND should be used as instruments of persuasion, that they may AND should be used as instruments of justification; AND that they may AND should be used to advance knowledge. The truth is, however, that in each of these cases the argument has only a managerial role AND, if there is any work done, it is the premises that do it. It will be maintained that this point has little force against the critical rationalist answer, which I shall defend, that the principal purpose of deductive reasoning from an assemblage of premises is the exploration of their CONTENT, facilitating their criticism AND rejection. That said, the main aim of the present paper is not to promote critical rationalism but to consider some published objections to the doctrine that a statement asserts every statement that is validly deducible from it. The alleged counterexamples to be considered fall roughly into two groups: statements that emerge with time from a rich mathematical or empirical theory, but were originally unformulated AND are deducible from the theory only in a non-trivial way (Frederick 2011, 2014; Williamson 2012); AND statements, notably disjunctions, that are easily formulated AND are deducible from a theory in a trivial way (Schurz & Weingartner 1987; Mura 1990, 2008; Gemes 1994; Yablo 2014). Each of these counterexamples will be evaluated AND dismissed.

Introduction: Factors affecting hatchability are mentioned as important indicators in breeder flocks’ performance, one of these elements is fertility. Roosters’ as half part of fertility have great role AND aging reduces their fertility. The biologic system in live organisms such as animals is under permanent attack due to natural consequence of the body’s normal metabolic activity that produces free radicals. It has been revealed that phospholipid fraction of avian spermatozoa membranes has high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) AND it is the reason why the spermatozoa are susceptible to free radical attack. During evolution, to deal with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), living organisms have developed specific antioxidant protective mechanisms. Therefore, as a major factor, presence of natural antioxidants in living organisms enables their survival in an oxygen-rich environment. To maintain sperm fertilizing ability, an antioxidant defense system is a crucial point. In avian semen the antioxidant system consists of natural antioxidants together with enzymes that have antioxidant characteristics such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) AND selenoprotein P (SEPP1) protects sperm against free radicals AND their destructive metabolites. Antioxidants such as vitamin E AND selenium (Se) have remarkable roles in avian reproduction. To gain gross reproductive performances in commercial poultry, supplementation of antioxidant at an optimum level is thought to be necessary. By using additives such as selenium we can help delaying this reduction through antioxidant properties of Se. Replacing inorganic Se by new types of Se sources like the nano form in poultry diet improves fertility. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of Nano-Selenium (Nano-Se) in comparison with sodium selenite on serum selenoprotein p (SEPP1) AND glutathione peroxidase (GPx) CONTENT in broiler breeder roosters.Material AND Method: In the present study, a total of thirty Arbor Acres Broiler Breeder roosters (40 weeks old) were rANDomly divided into five experimental groups. Each of which included 3 replicates of 2 birds. Relevant catalog recommended distribution of 160 gr of diet per rooster per day for broiler breeder males. After one-week adaptation they were fed with the basal diet (T1) supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Sodium Selenite (T2), 0.15 mg/kg nano-Se (T3), 0.3 mg/kg nano-Se (T4) AND 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se (T5). The duration of feeding experiment was four weeks. At the end of adaptation week, blood samples were collected (2.5 ml) AND after separating the serum, they were stored in -20°C refrigerator. Another sampling was two weeks later in the middle of experiment that again blood samples were collected AND their serum were stored at -20°C. Four weeks after the treatment was done at the end of experiment, the roosters were humanely euthanized by cervical dislocation, the 3rd AND last sampling was implemented at the end of experiment that as in the previous sampling was done, the blood samples were centrifuged AND separated serum was stored in -20°C. Then serum concentration of the antioxidant “SEPP1” was measured by ELISA method AND “GPx” was analyzed using a spectrophotometry kit.Results AND discussion: The values of SEPP1 AND GPx serum concentration obtained at the first time sampling showed no significant differences between all groups (P < 0.05). Serum SEPP1 concentration examination in the second sampling showed that roosters fed with both mineral AND nano form of selenium supplements, had significantly higher concentrations of selenoprotein P in their serum, compared to the control group (P < 0.05) which the highest concentration was related to the treatment of 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se (T5) in their diet. Among the two groups of treatment 2 AND treatment 3, which were fed 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite (T2) AND 0.15 mg/kg nano-Se (T3), respectively, treatment 3 had higher concentration. The results of examining the SEPP1 serum concentration for the final time at the end of the study indicated that there is a process similar to the trend of changes in the serum concentration of selenoprotein P that was seen in the second sampling step. The only difference observed in serum concentration results of the second sampling compared to third time was that the difference between the T2 AND T3 treatments was greater in the last sampling. Simultaneously with SEPP1 analysis, serum glutathione peroxidase concentration was measured in three sampling times. At the second time sampling of serum GPx concentration, evaluation of the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase revealed that the serum concentrations of this selenoprotein in broiler breeder roosters in groups T5, T4, T3 AND T2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher relative to its concentration in control group (T1). The difference between serum concentration of control group AND T3 treatment was not significant (P < 0.05), also the difference in serum concentration of this selenoprotein between treatments T4 AND T5 was not significant (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, after the third sampling AND evaluation, the results of GPx serum concentrations revealed that all treatments showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P < 0.05) AND with increasing the amount of nano-Se in the diet from 0.15 mg/kg to 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se, serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase showed an increasing trend. Based on a consideration of all experiment INDEXES, in this research 0.6 mg/kg is suggested to be the best level of supplementation of nano-Se, AND nano-Se showed higher CONTENTs of serum SEPP1 AND GPx at the same amounts of nano-Se AND sodium selenite supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of nano-Se was more effective than sodium selenite on serum SEPP1 AND GPx concentration of tested selenoproteins in broiler breeder males.

AbstractBooklets of disciplining written from the late Safavid period to the Constitutional Revolution have FORMAL AND CONTENT characteristics of a separate genre, due to the confrontation of male vs. female discourses. "Co-occurrence of the concepts of disciplining AND gender in the title of booklets of disciplining", "collection of individual booklets of disciplining in a single volume for publication" AND "the role of author gender in educational orientation of the booklet" are three main paratextual AND FORMAL characteristics of this genre. In addition, "alignment of the textual world of booklets of disciplining with the titles", "the role of intertextual AND interdiscoursal relations in the development of booklets of disciplining", AND "the sources of legitimacy for antifeminist AND feminist discourse" are among the CONTENT characteristics of the disciplining genre. The set of FORMAL AND CONTENT characteristics of the booklets of disciplining distinguishes these texts from those which are classified in didactic genre. The texts belonging to the genre of disciplining men AND women have a different style AND discourse that can be identified on a continuum of antifeminist, male-centered, female-centered AND feminist. Keywords: booklets of disciplining women, booklets of disciplining men, genre, paratext, feminism, Qajar literature.

This study suggests that some of EFL learners' apparently reading problems are due to insufficient background knowledge. The research aimed at investigating the combined effect of CONTENT AND FORMAL structure of passages on reading comprehension. The hypotheses were: a) Familiarity with the CONTENT area of reading passages improves comprehension; b) Violation of the FORMAL rhetorical structure of reading passages impedes comprehension. The sample of the study composed of 60 upper-intermediate students majoring in English translation or literature. They read AND answered questions on texts which were either familiar or unfamiliar to them in terms of their cultural background AND rhetorical format. The result of a two-way ANOVA on readers' scores on the questions revealed that CONTENT schemata influenced reading achievement to a greater extent than FORMAL schemata. That is, the existence or absence of specific CONTENT schemata affected comprehension AND inference-making ability.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection AND appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying AND analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative AND benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison AND benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, FinlAND, Australia, South Africa, AND Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, AND welfare), education quality index, AND other scientific-scholarly INDEXES; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection AND appointment of principals through CONTENT analysis AND comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities AND differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection AND appointment belongs to Japan AND the lowest one is related to FinlAND.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran AND selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity AND innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision AND accountability, social image, leader skills, AND purposefulness AND foresight.

ABSTRACT Right to the city is one of the most important citizenship rights that can be reduced for women under different circumstances. In this mixed research, with in-depth AND semi-structured interviews, a conceptual model has been presented to explain the causal, contextual AND interventional conditions effectively reducing women's right to the city. Then, with the structural equation modeling, the causal conditions affecting the right to the city have been investigated. Family, ethnicity, AND physical AND mental conditions were the most important background conditions that 32 women living in Ahvaz pointed to in order to influence the right to the city. Also, the participants considered politics AND government institutions, law, AND spatial policies as the most important intervention in the women's right to the city. City security, favorable actions with the city space, space-positive gender performance, AND social welfare were among the most important causal conditions that the participants mentioned in increasing women's right to the city. Causal modeling showed that the most influential reason for reducing women's right to the city of Ahvaz is urban space security, followed by urban policies AND designs. By multiplying the causal path, it is 0.84, followed by urban planning AND design with a coefficient of 0.79. Governmental AND executive institutions should pay more attention to women's right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of suitable spaces with individual differences, especially gender, AND, of course, with an emphasis on women. The creation of safer places in the city for women while increasing the livability of the city for citizens improves women's rights in urban spaces Extended abstract Introduction The right to the city is a universal right consisting of several instances. Since the right to the city enables the city inhabitants to access AND enjoy the urban life benefits freely, it is tantamount to the right to freedom. The right to the city, the right to freedom of building AND rebuilding cities, is one of the most valuable AND, at the same time, the most neglected human rights. Among governments, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) AND political activists in all scales, the right to the city is often conceived in a legal meaning. In this sense, the right to city includes a set of distinct rights to urban resources AND services, shelter, public space, clean water, AND education that must be available to all, regardless of social or economic status, the bearers of such rights are urban dwellers AND their guarantor is the government. This legal conception of the right to the city emphasizes universal AND individual rights in the global liberal institutional order. The ultimate normative purpose of a legal right to the city is that the government legally encodes AND enforces the set of rights constituting the right to the city. Justice AND equality have been considered since long ago; however, injustice AND discrimination are still visible in cities. Among all kinds of injustices AND discrimination, gender equality has been a subject marginalized in all ages. In Iran, the need for urban spaces for women in accordance with the civil needs of citizens in daily life is felt. In Iran, factors such as various types of urban violence AND insecurity, which generally make women victims, have reduced the possibility AND desire for their presence AND participation in public. Because the spatial, temporal, official AND unofficial divisions in the city have caused some spaces to remain far from the reach of women. In this research, we intend to deal with the most important factors that cause women not to enjoy one of their most essential human rights, which is the right to the city.   Methodology This research, which is practical in terms of purpose, has been done with a confirmatory mixed method; first, it tried to present the most important contextual, interventional, AND causal factors effective in reducing the right to the city of women in the form of a conceptual model by the approach of grounded theory, AND then confirming the defined causal structure with the help of structural equations modeling. The population in this research is Iranian women who are exposed to gender injustice AND do not have the right to a desirable city. Research participants have a deep experience of undermining their right to the city AND are interested in sharing it AND cooperating with the researcher. Sampling was purposefully selected from women with the least amount of the right to the city. The qualitative sample of the research was 32 people, AND the quantitative sample was 420 people. Due to the mixed nature of the research AND the use of the data-driven theory approach AND, afterwards, structural equations to collect the data, the interview was used in the qualitative phase AND questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The interviews were done in-depth, face-to-face AND semi-structured. The open-ended interview questions were conducted in a calm environment without the presence of a third person, AND the time of the interviews varied according to the conditions of the interviewee. The questionnaire used in the research has ascertained an instrument that evaluates the contextual AND causal components AND factors related to the right to the city in the form of self-declaration items. The data obtained from the interview, after being implemented in the form of text, were analyzed AND classified with the help of directed CONTENT analysis. In order to investigate the causal structure of the right to the city, structural equation modeling would have been helpful. Analyzes were performed with the help of LISREL 8.8. To estimate the causal path coefficients, the iterated maximum likelihood method was used AND the overall fit of the causal structure model of women’s right to the city was carried out by Chi-square statistic. AND, of course, the most important fit INDEXES of the model, such as absolute fit INDEXES, incremental fit INDEXES AND Parsimonious Normed Fit INDEXES (PNFI).   Results AND discussion Directed CONTENT analysis helped us to identify the factors reducing the right to the city AND its subclasses of Iranian women. Conditions affecting women's right to the city are divided into underlying conditions, causal conditions, AND intervening conditions. The most critical underlying conditions were family, age, ethnicity, AND physical AND mental characteristics. At the same time, environment security, urban actions, social welfare, AND space gender functions constituted the essential intervening conditions, AND politics, governmental institutions, law, AND city spatial policies included the most important intervening conditions. Causal modeling also showed that the factors influencing women's right to the city are the most influential to the least influential in the form of (1) security of the city environment, (2) urban policy-making, (3) gender function of space, AND (4) interaction with the city. Security is one of the most important AND influential factors that can decrease or increase the right to the city for women.   Conclusion The right to the city, which is considered one of the most fundamental rights of citizens, is trampled or reaches its lowest level due to underlying reasons such as the gender of individuals or their families. In this case, women are more vulnerable than the men. In such a way, causal conditions such as environmental security or urban actions AND, of course, welfare have made this gender difference in the use of city space deeper AND more complicated. Meanwhile, the role of governments AND sovereignty in legislation AND policies should not be neglected to reduce the right to city for women. Our explicit suggestion is for governmental institutions AND executive agencies to pay more attention to women’s right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of more suitable spaces in the city, the design of urban spaces away from any gender discrimination only with the view of equal access for all AND the creation of safer places for the women living in Ahvaz.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the CONTENT of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

In process of sucrose determination in sugar beet, pulp analysis by polarometric method is done on the basis of fresh root weight. The volume of the juice of 26 grams of the pulp is considered 23 ml that with 177 ml of clarifying agent would be 200 ml. Drought stress AND dehydrated root reduce. The volume of the pulp extract of 23 ml. The objective of this experiment was to determine the proper method for juice extraction from beet roots grown under drought, salinity AND normal conditions in the procedure of sugar CONTENT measurement. Sugar beet roots produced under various conditions were subjected to dehydration after harvest. Three levels of dehydration [(A) including fresh beet with 76±1 percent moisture (a1), dehydrated roots up to 70± 1 (a2) AND 63± 1 (a3) percent water CONTENT] AND three juice extraction methods [(traditional cold digestion (b1), hot digestion (b2) AND improved French method (b3)] were arranged in a factorial experiment (3*3) in CRD with 12 replications. Sugar CONTENT, dry matter, marc, brix AND juice electrical conductivity were determined for all treatments. The results showed that beet dehydration from 76 to 68 percent increased both dry matter AND marc CONTENTs from 24 to 32 AND from 4.7 to 7.1 percent, respectively. In normal roots there was no significant difference in terms of sugar CONTENT determination by various extraction methods. However, sugar CONTENT of beet roots grown under semi-salinity (P<0.05), salinity AND drought (P<0.01) conditions were affected significantly by extraction methods. These differences are presumably due to differences in marc AND dry matter CONTENTs. In conclusion, overall there was no difference between the hot digestion AND French methods in all conditions. Whereas, the difference of traditional methods with French method for dry matter of 24 to 27 percent was not significant. Thus, it is recommended to determine sugar CONTENT of beet roots having up to 27 percent dry matter by cold digestion method AND in the beet roots of greater than 27 percent dry matter the proper way of juice extraction is French method.

The main concern of the present study was to investigate the effects of CONTENT, FORMAL, AND linguistic schema-building activity types on EFL learners’ listening AND reading comprehension. To this end, 60 Elementary learners in four groups of 15 members each participated in this study. Three groups acted as experimental groups AND received CONTENT, FORMAL, AND linguistic schema-building activities, AND one group acted as control group, receiving no schema- building treatment. Two separate one-way ANOVA procedures were used to analyze the participants’ scores on the listening AND reading comprehension posttests. The result revealed that although there were no significant differences among the effects of schema-building activity types on both listening AND reading, the experimental groups outperformed the control group participants. The findings may have implications for EFL learners AND teachers.